Types of Coal Mines
There are four main types of coal mines:
shaft mine, slope mine,
drift mine, and
surface (open-cast) mine. The mine at Coalwood was a shaft
mine; the coal was brought up in an elevator from 600 to 800 feet underground.
Microsoft Encarta in the United Kingdom has a beautiful
drawing that shows the four kinds of mines. If you click on the thumbnail
below, it will take you directly to the full-size drawing on Encarta.
Click to enlarge
From Encarta:
"Three types of mines are dug to excavate coal beds deeper than about 30 m (100
feet) underground. Shaft mines use two vertical shafts to reach the deeply
buried coal beds. Slope mines use angled shafts to reach coal deposits that have
been tilted or folded in the Earth’s crust. Drift mines use a single shaft to
follow coal beds back into a mountainside. A fourth kind, known as an 'open-cast
mine', involves the removal of the surface layers and working from above rather
than from shafts."
Click here
to read the UK Encarta article on coal.
If you prefer,
click here to read the entire USA Encarta article on coal and coal mining.
This is a much longer article that the British article; however, sadly, the
excellent drawing we show above from the United Kingdom Encarta site is not
part of the USA Encarta site.
Principle Types of Coal Mines |
Coal Products |
| The two drawings above are
from the Welch Daily News "1974 11th Coal Edition" which had
articles about the West Virginia coal industry. We think these two
drawing were actually from an earlier United State Bureau of Mines
pamphlet. Courtesy of the R. Tim Gilley collection. You may
click on a picture to enlarge it. |
Historical Photos from N & W
Railroad
Below are copyrighted images available in the Virginia Tech Digital Library
and Archives. Their web site is:
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu. (If you want to explore their site for
additional pictures, click on "ImageBase" at the top of their home page;
then "Browse" on the left side of the next page.) We are not allowed to
download the full-size pictures to our server; we can only display small
thumbnails. However, we provide a link under each picture which will show
you the full-size picture on the Virginia Tech web site. We have been
given permission from Virginia Tech to display these links.
Photo ID: ep101
Title: Coal Car at Pocahontas Mine
Date: Not shown
Earl Palmer Collection, Part 2
Link to
full-size picture.
Pocahontas Exhibition Mine
The Pocahontas Exhibition Mine offers visitors a chance to
walk through a real coal mine. In addition, there is a museum with lots of
coal memorabilia. Please click
here for details.
Beckley Exhibition Mine
The Beckley Exhibition Mine offers visitors the chance to ride
a mantrip into a real coal mine. There is also a museum on site as well as
numerous historical buildings from coal towns.
Please click here for details.
Links
The National Coal Heritage Area
From the NCHA web site: "The National Coal Heritage
Area (NCHA) is one of only 22 nationally designated heritage areas in the entire
United States. It represents a part of the growing effort by the National Park
Service to develop resource protection initiatives for areas of national
importance that rely on partnerships and private ownership rather than the
traditional methods of Federally owned parklands. The mission of the National
Coal Heritage Area is to preserve, protect, and interpret lands, structures, and
communities associated with the coal mining heritage of West Virginia. The
NCHA encompasses 11 counties in southern West Virginia: Boone, Cabell, Fayette,
Logan, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming."
Christy Bailey, Executive Director, National Coal Heritage Area
Authority, and the Coal Heritage Highway Authority, tells us:
"Coalwood remains as one of the most intact communities
along the Coal Heritage Trail and within the National Coal Heritage Area."
The NCHA web site is being revised in late 2005 and will show much more detail
about the plans of the organization.
http://www.coalheritage.org/
West Virginia Coal Mining Facts
http://www.wvminesafety.org/wvcoalfacts.htm
West Virginia Coal Association
Interesting Statistics about West Virginia Coal Mining
For example, which counties produce the most coal.
http://www.wvcoal.com/resources/index.asp
Friends of Coal
A trade group dedicated to informing and educating West
Virginia citizens about the coal industry and its vital role in the state's
future. Contains interesting statistics on West Virginia coal and many
links to other web sites.
http://www.friendsofcoal.org/resources/index.asp
Interesting Stuff on West Virginia Coal Mines
http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvcoal/
Coal Mechanization and Migration from
McDowell County, West
Virginia
By Mark Myers
Thesis, East Tennessee State University
A 115-page college thesis on how mechanization affected the population of
McDowell County. As mines became more mechanized, the number of jobs for
miners fell, and these people were forced to move out of the county in search of
work.
Click here for the site. (Opens as a pdf file.)
| Year |
McDowell County
Population |
|
1900
|
18,747
|
|
1910
|
47,856
|
|
1920
|
68,571
|
|
1930
|
90,479
|
|
1940
|
94,354
|
|
1950
|
98,887
|
|
1960
|
71,359
|
|
1970
|
50,666
|
|
1980
|
49,899
|
|
1990
|
35,233
|
|
2000
|
27,329
|
Source: U.S. Bureau
of the Census |
Click picture to enlarge.
Joy Mining Machinery
Headquartered in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, Joy Mining Machinery employs 4,500
persons worldwide. Joy is one of the largest (if not the largest) manufacturer
of underground coal mining equipment. We heard several women in the
Coalwood area make statements like, "My husband used to operate a Joy."
Keep in mind that the 13-foot coal seam at the Pocahontas Exhibition Mine is a
very high coal seam. According to our museum guide, the average
height of a coal seam today is only 26 inches (yes, inches).
The miner actually lies down inside the Joy continuous miner and stays in it all
day as the machine tunnels its way through the coal seam.
www.joy.com
Coal Miners Postage Stamp
This is an interesting web site that was dedicated to trying to get the United
States Postal Service to issue a stamp honoring coal miners. The group
sponsoring the effort collected over 80,000 signatures requesting the stamp;
however, due to the deaths of some of their key members, they seem to have given
up on their effort. The photo above is downloaded from their web site.
http://www.coalminerstamp.com
Gary Hollow
Alex P. Schust's 480-page hardback book presents the history of Gary Hollow.
The book is subtitled, "A history of the largest coal mining operation in the
world."
(Gary Hollow is over two mountains from Coalwood.) The book is for sale from Mr. Schust's
web site. www.GaryHollow.com.
Kentucky Coal Mining Museum
http://www.kingdomcome.org/museum
http://www.benhamky.org/Museum/
